SSU EDCT 571

Democracy and Education, by John Dewey

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The fallacy consists in supposing that we can begin with ready-made subject matter of arithmetic, or geography, or whatever, irrespective of some direct personal experience of a situation. Even the kindergarten and Montessori techniques are so anxious to get at intellectual distinctions, without \”waste of time,\” that they tend to ignore—or reduce—the immediate crude handling of the familiar material of experience, and to introduce pupils at once to material which expresses the intellectual distinctions which adults have made. But the first stage of contact with any new material, at whatever age of maturity, must inevitably be of the trial and error sort. An individual must actually try, in play or work, to do something with material in carrying out his own impulsive activity, and then note the interaction of his energy and that of the material employed. This is what happens when a child at first begins to build with blocks, and it is equally what happens when a scientific man in his laboratory begins to experiment with unfamiliar objects.

Hence the first approach to any subject in school, if thought is to be aroused and not words acquired, should be as unscholastic as possible. To realize what an experience, or empirical situation, means, we have to call to mind the sort of situation that presents itself outside of school; the sort of occupations that interest and engage activity in ordinary life. And careful inspection of methods which are permanently successful in formal education, whether in arithmetic or learning to read, or studying geography, or learning physics or a foreign language, will reveal that they depend for their efficiency upon the fact that they go back to the type of the situation which causes reflection out of school in ordinary life. They give the pupils something to do, not something to learn; and the doing is of such a nature as to demand thinking, or the intentional noting of connections; learning naturally results.

That the situation should be of such a nature as to arouse thinking means of course that it should suggest something to do which is not either routine or capricious—something, in other words, presenting what is new (and hence uncertain or problematic) and yet sufficiently connected with existing habits to call out an effective response. An effective response means one which accomplishes a perceptible result, in distinction from a purely haphazard activity, where the consequences cannot be mentally connected with what is done.

via Democracy and Education, by John Dewey.

APA Style Blog: Headings

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Title Case

Title case is used to capitalize the following types of titles and headings in APA Style:

Titles of references (e.g., book titles, article titles) when they appear in the text of a paper,

Titles of inventories or tests,

Headings at Levels 1 and 2,

The title of your own paper and of named sections within it (e.g., the Discussion section), and

Titles of periodicals—journals, magazines, or newspapers—which are also italicized (e.g., Journal of Counseling Psychology, The New York Times).

via APA Style Blog: Headings.

4E x 2 Instructional Model : Inquiry in Motion

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4E x 2 Instructional Model

The 4E x 2 Instructional Model was designed to unite three major learning constructs (inquiry instruction, formative assessment, and reflective practice) that have all been shown to improve learning. When well integrated these learning constructs help facilitate deeper teaching and more powerful learning experiences. All the lessons designed and available under the lesson plan tab use the 4E x 2 Model.

via 4E x 2 Instructional Model : Inquiry in Motion.

New York State P-12 Common Core Learning Standards for Mathematics | EngageNY

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The Standards for Mathematical Practice describe varieties of expertise that mathematics educators at all levels should seek to develop in their students. These practices rest on important “processes and proficiencies” with longstanding importance in mathematics education. The first of these are the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics (NCTM) process standards of problem solving, reasoning and proof, communication, representation, and connections. The second are the strands of mathematical proficiency specified in the National Research Council’s report Adding It Up: adaptive reasoning, strategic competence, conceptual understanding (comprehension of mathematical concepts, operations and relations), procedural fluency (skill in carrying out procedures flexibly, accurately, efficiently and appropriately), and productive disposition (habitual inclination to see mathematics as sensible, useful, and worthwhile, coupled with a belief in diligence and one’s own efficacy).

via New York State P-12 Common Core Learning Standards for Mathematics | EngageNY.

Common Core State Standards – Common Core State Standards (CA Dept of Education)

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While implementation of specific academic content standards is a local decision and not mandated by EC, California strongly recommends their local use. Additionally, statewide assessments which are mandated by EC are based upon California’s adopted academic content standards. California is supporting local implementation of the CCSS through many resources available to all LEAs many of which are noted in the Common Core State Standards Systems Implementation Plan for California.

via Common Core State Standards – Common Core State Standards (CA Dept of Education).

Sonoma: Education

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Education

Core

Academic Search Complete (EBSCO) more information

Comprehensive, multidisciplinary, scholarly full-text research journals.

Education Research Complete (EBSCO) more information

This bibliographic and full text database covers scholarly research and information relating to all areas of education, including early childhood through higher education, multilingual education, health education, testing, curriculum instruction, administration, policy, funding, and related social issues.

ERIC (EBSCO) more information

via Sonoma: Education.

Home – Education – Research Guides at Sonoma State University

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Use Google Scholar? Make it more effective by linking it to the Library’s journal subscriptions!

Go to Google Scholar; Click on Settings, then Library Links; type in “Sonoma State University,” check the box and save. Your search results will now include a FindIt@SSU link. Click on FindIt for full-text articles at SSU Library.

via Home – Education – Research Guides at Sonoma State University.